home-network/pi-storage.org

Raspberry Pi & Storage Setup

• links
• Raspberry Pi Information
  • network
    • To Be Able to Ping the Raspberry Pi
  • users
• connect with a vnc
  • install
  • connect tiger vnc
  • connect realvnc
• External Hard Drive Info
  • fstab
  • main storage drive
    • Bind-Mount Information
      • directory layout
      • layout binding details
• commands used
  • bind target directory to mount point
    • example
    • making bind mounts persistent
  • Setup Commands
  • generally useful hard drive commands
• fstab
  • current fstab
  • Mount Options Available
  • Performance Options

links

• TOC - Home Computer

Raspberry Pi Information

network

Category	Value
IP address	192.168.0.63
Hostname	ronberrypi

To Be Able to Ping the Raspberry Pi

ping ronberrypi.local

users

username	password	groups	/mnt/storage
ronny	2reishit2ara	sudo
website	2reishit2ara	www-data, sudo	/var/www, /home/website
ftpuser	2reishit2ara	www-data, sudo	/home/ftpuser
librarian	2reishit2ara		librarian
scribe	2reishit2ara		/home/scribe

connect with a vnc

• Raspberry Pi Headless Setup

install

using the video you should be able to connect directly without doing anything special

connect tiger vnc

• hostname: ronberrypi.local
• then enter the username and password

connect realvnc

even easier

External Hard Drive Info

fstab

see fstab entry for more details

main storage drive

This table keeps track of the Raspberry Pi's external storage setup.

category	value
device	/dev/sdb1
filesystem	ext4
label	storage
mount point	/mnt/storage
mount options	defaults,relatime,commit=600
UUID	86ba0735-df14-425c-a037-1e397e89f9aa

Bind-Mount Information

directory layout

├── home
│   ├── librarian
│   └── website
├── lost+found
├── srv
│   ├── calibre-library
│   ├── ftp
│   └── n8n
└── var
    └── www

layout binding details

Mounted From /mnt/storage	Mounted To
home/website	/home/website
home/librarian	/home/librarian
var/www	/var/www
srv/n8n	/srv/n8n
srv/ftp	/srv/ftp
srv/calibre-library	/srv/calibre-library

commands used

bind target directory to mount point

sudo mount --bind /mnt/storage/<target_mount> /<bind directory>

example

• target mount: /mnt/storage/www
• bind directory: /var/www

making bind mounts persistent

To ensure the mounts persist after a reboot, add the following lines to `/etc/fstab`:

/mnt/storage/home/website /home/website none bind 0 0
/mnt/storage/home/librarian /home/librarian none bind 0 0
/mnt/storage/var/www /var/www none bind 0 0
/mnt/storage/srv/n8n /srv/n8n none bind 0 0

Setup Commands

These commands ensure everything is correctly prepared before binding.

Step	Command
Ensure storage directories exist	`sudo mkdir -p /mnt/storage/website /mnt/storage/calibre /mnt/storage/www`
Move existing data (if needed)	`sudo mv /home/website/* /mnt/storage/website/`
Create bind directories	`sudo mkdir -p /home/website /home/calibre /var/www`
Bind-mount directories	`sudo mount –bind /mnt/storage/website /home/website`
Add to `/etc/fstab`	`echo "/mnt/storage/website /home/website none bind 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab`
Apply changes	`sudo mount -a`
Verify mount status	`df -h | grep storage`

generally useful hard drive commands

Purpose	Command
Find the UUID	lsblk -f
Check filesystem type	sudo blkid /dev/sda2
Remount drive without rebooting	sudo mount -o remount /mnt/storage
Check if new options are applied	mount | grep storage
Verify changes	cat /etc/fstab | grep storage

fstab

current fstab

proc                                      /proc                proc    defaults          0 0
PARTUUID=a587d185-01                      /boot/firmware       vfat    defaults          0 2
PARTUUID=a587d185-02                      /                    ext4    defaults,noatime  0 1

UUID=86ba0735-df14-425c-a037-1e397e89f9aa /mnt/storage         ext4    defaults,relatime,commit=600   0 2
UUID=649f82e9-cfc0-4725-b260-d40f413bd0c3 /mnt/git             ext4    defaults,noatime               0 2

/mnt/storage/home/website                 /home/website        none    bind 0 0
/mnt/storage/var/www                      /var/www             none    bind 0 0

/mnt/storage/srv/ftp                      /srv/ftp             none    bind 0 0
/srv/ftp                                  /home/ftpuser/ftp    none    bind 0 0

/mnt/storage/home/librarian               /home/librarian      none    bind 0 0
/mnt/storage/srv/calibre-library          /srv/calibre-library none    bind 0 0

/mnt/storage/srv/n8n                      /srv/n8n             none    bind 0 0

/mnt/git                                  /srv/git             none    bind 0 0

Mount Options Available

Option	Description
defaults	Uses the default options: `rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, async`.
rw	Mounts the filesystem as read/write (default).
ro	Mounts the filesystem as read-only.
noexec	Prevents execution of binaries on the mounted filesystem.
exec	Allows execution of binaries (default).
nosuid	Blocks `setuid`/`setgid` binaries from running.
nodev	Ignores device files (e.g., `/dev/null`) on this filesystem.
noatime	Disables access time updates to improve performance.
nodiratime	Disables directory access time updates (for performance).
relatime	Updates access time only if the file is modified, balancing performance.
strictatime	Always updates access time (not recommended for performance reasons).
sync	Writes changes to disk immediately instead of caching them.
async	Writes changes to disk asynchronously (default, better performance).
commit=600	Delays disk writes for 600 seconds (10 minutes), reducing wear.
nofail	Allows booting even if the mount fails (useful for external drives).
errors=remount-ro	If an error occurs, remounts the filesystem as read-only.

Performance Options

Performance Status	Mount Options
Maximum Performance	defaults, noatime, nodiratime, commit=600
Accurate File Access Times	defaults, relatime, commit=600
Extra Safety in Case of Drive Failure	errors=remount-ro, nofail