media-artist_framework/_subsections/fullcourse/10-revenue/c02-publishing.org
2025-02-16 23:40:12 +02:00

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revenue 02: publishing

notes

Master Copyright vs. Publishing Copyright in Music

In the music industry, there are two main copyrights for every song:

1. Master Copyright (Sound Recording Copyright)

  • Covers the actual recorded version of the song.
  • Owned by the artist, label, or producer who funded the recording.
  • Example: The recording of "Thriller" by Michael Jackson.
  • Pays mechanical royalties, streaming royalties, and sync fees when used.

2. Publishing Copyright (Composition Copyright)

  • Covers the lyrics, melody, and composition of the song.
  • Owned by songwriters and music publishers (not the artist unless they wrote it).
  • Example: The chords and lyrics of "Thriller", regardless of who sings it.
  • Pays performance royalties, mechanical royalties, and sync fees when used.

Key Differences

Aspect Master Copyright (Sound Recording) Publishing Copyright (Composition)
What it protects The actual recorded version The melody, lyrics, and structure
Who owns it Artist, label, or producer Songwriters & publishers
Where it earns money Streaming, downloads, CDs, sync Radio, performances, sync, covers
Main royalties Mechanical, streaming, sync fees Performance, mechanical, sync

Example Usage If a company wants to use "Thriller" in a movie:

  • They pay for the Master Recording (to the record label).
  • They pay for the Composition (to the songwriters & publisher).

Important!

  • register your LLC
  • register your assets under the LLC

Mechanical Royalties & Streaming Royalties (Quick Overview)

1. Mechanical Royalties

  • Paid to songwriters & publishers when a song is reproduced or distributed (physical or digital).
  • Applies to CDs, vinyl, downloads, and interactive streaming (Spotify, Apple Music).
  • Collected by Mechanical Rights Organizations (MROs) like:

    • U.S.: Harry Fox Agency (HFA), The MLC (Mechanical Licensing Collective)
    • U.K.: MCPS
    • Europe: SACEM, GEMA

2. Streaming Royalties (Broken Down)

  • Mechanical Royalties (for the composition)
  • Performance Royalties (for public playbacks)
  • Master Royalties (for the sound recording, paid to labels & artists)

Who Gets Paid for Streaming?

Type of Royalty Who Gets Paid? Collected By
Mechanical Royalties Songwriters, Publishers MLC, HFA, MCPS
Performance Royalties Songwriters, Publishers ASCAP, BMI, SESAC
Master Royalties Labels, Artists, Producers Spotify, Apple Music (via distributors)

Example If a song gets 1 million streams on Spotify:

  • Songwriters & Publishers get mechanical + performance royalties.
  • Artists & Labels get master royalties.

Sync Placement (Synchronization Licensing)

What is Sync Placement?

Sync placement (short for synchronization licensing) is when a song is licensed to be used in visual media, such as:

  • TV shows
  • Movies
  • Video games
  • Commercials
  • YouTube videos
  • Corporate videos
  • Trailers
  • Podcasts

How It Works

A sync license allows a company, filmmaker, or content creator to legally use a song with their video content. The music creator (artist, producer, or rights holder) gets paid for the usage.

Types of Sync Placements

TV & Film Sync Placements

  • Songs placed in movies, Netflix series, Hulu, etc.
  • Usually high-paying, but competitive.

Commercial Sync Placements

  • Used in advertising (Nike, Apple, car commercials, etc.).
  • Can be huge payouts if the brand is big.

Video Game Sync Placements

  • Songs placed in game soundtracks (GTA, FIFA, NBA 2K, etc.).
  • Can be recurring royalties if the game sells well.

YouTube & Online Content Sync

  • Used in vlogs, influencer content, indie films, etc.
  • Lower payouts, but can add up over time.

How to Get a Sync Placement

  • Work with a Sync Agency or Music Library (e.g., MusicBed, Epidemic Sound, Artlist)
  • Submit Music to Music Supervisors (people who pick songs for shows & movies)
  • Register with a PRO (Performance Rights Organization) (like ASCAP, BMI) to collect royalties
  • Make High-Quality Instrumentals & Vocals (instrumental versions increase your chances)
  • Network with Video Creators & Ad Agencies

Why Sync Placements Are Valuable

  • Can Pay Large One-Time Fees ($500 $100,000+)
  • Gives Exposure & Can Boost a Songs Popularity
  • Earns Royalties Every Time It Airs (Performance Royalties)